I nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua lohe ʻia kēia moʻolelo ma nā wahi a pau mai Massachusetts a i Fox News.ʻAʻole hōʻole koʻu hoalauna e hoʻopiʻi i kāna Toyota RAV4 Prime Hybrid ma muli o kāna mea i kapa ai he kumukūʻai ikehu.ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai uila e holoi ai lākou i nā pono o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma luna o ka hoʻopiʻi.Loaʻa kēia i ka puʻuwai o ke kumu e kūʻai ai ka poʻe he nui i nā kaʻa uila: Wahi a ka Pew Research Center, ʻo 70 ka nui o nā mea kūʻai EV hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻo "hoʻopakele i ke kinoea" kekahi o kā lākou kumu nui.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka pane e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.ʻO ka helu wale ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaila a me ka uila ke alakaʻi hewa nei.ʻOkoʻa nā kumukūʻai ma muli o ka charger (a me ka mokuʻāina).He ʻokoʻa nā uku o kēlā me kēia kanaka.ʻO ka ʻauhau alanui, nā rebates a me ka pono pākaukau e pili ana i ka helu hope.No laila ua noi au i nā mea noiʻi ma ka nonpartisan Energy Innovation, kahi pahu noʻonoʻo kulekele e hana ana e decarbonize i ka ʻoihana ikehu, e kōkua iaʻu e hoʻoholo i ke kumukūʻai maoli o ka pumping i nā mokuʻāina āpau 50, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā datasets mai nā keʻena federal, AAA a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aku e pili ana i kā lākou mau mea hana pono maanei.Ua hoʻohana au i kēia ʻikepili no ka lawe ʻana i ʻelua mau huakaʻi hypothetical ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻoholo ai inā e ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā hale kiola i ke kauwela o 2023.
Inā ʻoe he 4 i 10 ʻAmelika, ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻoe e kūʻai i kaʻa uila.Inā like ʻoe me aʻu, pono ʻoe e uku i ke kumu kūʻai kaumaha.
Ke kūʻai aku nei ke kaʻa uila maʻamau no $4,600 ma mua o ke kaʻa kinoea maʻamau, akā ma ka hapa nui o nā moʻolelo, e mālama au i ke kālā i ka holo lōʻihi.Pono nā kaʻa i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka mālama ʻana - i manaʻo ʻia he mau haneli kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki.ʻAʻole kēia e noʻonoʻo i nā hoʻoikaika aupuni a me ka hōʻole ʻana i nā huakaʻi i ka hale hoʻokele kinoea.Akā paʻakikī ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kiʻi pololei.He maʻalahi ke helu ʻana i ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau o ke galani.Ua loli iki nā kumukūʻai i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka makahiki 2010, e like me ka Federal Reserve.Pela no ka kilowatt-hours (kWh) o ka uila.Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumukūʻai.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā bila uila ma ka mokuʻāina wale nō, akā ma ka manawa o ka lā a me ka puka.Hiki i nā mea nona nā kaʻa uila ke hoʻopaʻa iā lākou ma ka home a i ʻole ma ka hana, a laila e uku hou aku no ka hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki ʻana ma ke alanui.He mea paʻakikī kēia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka Ford F-150 (ke kaʻa kūʻai maikaʻi loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ka makahiki 1980) me kahi pākahi 98 kilowatt-hola i loko o kahi kaʻa uila.Pono kēia i nā manaʻo maʻamau e pili ana i ka wahi ʻāina, ka hana hoʻouka ʻana, a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu i loko o ka pākaukau a me ka pahu.Pono e hoʻopili ʻia kēlā mau helu ʻana i nā papa kaʻa like ʻole e like me nā kaʻa, SUV a me nā kaʻa.
ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha ʻaʻohe mea e hana i kēia.Akā mālama mākou i kou manawa.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i ka nui āu e hiki ai ke mālama a, i nā hihia liʻiliʻi, pehea ka nui āu e hiki ʻole ai.He aha ka hopena?Ma nā mokuʻāina he 50 a pau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ʻAmelika i nā mea uila i kēlā me kēia lā, a ma kekahi mau ʻāpana, e like me ka Pacific Northwest, kahi haʻahaʻa o nā kumukūʻai uila a kiʻekiʻe nā kumukūʻai kinoea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.Ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wakinekona, kahi e kūʻai ai ke galani kinoea ma kahi o $4.98, e hoʻopiha ana i kahi F-150 me kahi ākea o 483 mau mile ma kahi o $115.Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka uila F-150 Lightning (a i ʻole Rivian R1T) no ka mamao like e pili ana i $34, kahi mālama kālā o $80.Manaʻo kēia e hoʻopiʻi nā mea hoʻokele ma ka home 80% o ka manawa, e like me ka manaʻo o ka 'Oihana o Energy, a me nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe ma ka hopena o kēia ʻatikala.
Pehea ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe?Ma ka Hikina Hema, kahi i emi iho ai ke kumu kuai o ke kinoea a me ka uila, ua emi mai na hoahu aka he nui nae.Ma Mississippi, no ka laʻana, he $30 ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai kinoea no ke kaʻa ʻoki maʻamau.No nā SUV liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā sedans, hiki i nā kaʻa uila ke mālama i $ 20 a i $ 25 ma ka paila no ka mile mile like.
ʻO ka awelika ʻAmelika e hoʻokele i 14,000 mau mile i ka makahiki a hiki ke mālama i kahi $ 700 i ka makahiki ma ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi SUV uila a i ʻole sedan, a i ʻole $ 1,000 i ka makahiki ma ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kaʻa pickup, e like me ka Energy Innovation.Akā ʻo ka hoʻokele i kēlā me kēia lā kekahi mea.No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēia ʻano hoʻohālike, ua hana au i kēia mau loiloi i nā huakaʻi kauwela ʻelua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā loina hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma ke alanui.Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka laulima ma kahi o 30 mph.ʻO nā kumukūʻai no nā ʻoihana he nui, e like me nā hōkele a me nā hale kūʻai meaʻai e manaʻo nei e huki i nā mea kūʻai mai, mai kahi o 20 keneta no ka kilowatt-hola a i ka manuahi (Energy Innovation manaʻo ʻoi aku ma luna o 10 keneta no ka kilowatt-hola ma nā koho ma lalo).
Hiki i nā loina wikiwiki i kapa ʻia ʻo Level 3, kahi kokoke i 20 manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi pā uila EV ma kahi o 80% i loko o 20 mau minuke.Akā ʻo ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau ma waena o 30 a me 48 keneta no ka hola kilowatt-ʻo ke kumu kūʻai aʻu i ʻike ai ma hope ua like ia me ke kumu kūʻai o ka ʻaila ma kekahi mau wahi.
No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o kēia hana, ua hele au i kahi huakaʻi hypothetical 408-mile mai Kapalakiko a i Disneyland ma South Los Angeles.No kēia huakaʻi, ua koho au i ka F-150 a me kāna mana uila, ka Lightning, he ʻāpana ia o kahi moʻolelo kaulana i kūʻai aku i 653,957 mau ʻāpana i ka makahiki i hala.Nui nā manaʻo hoʻopaʻapaʻa e kūʻē i ka hana ʻana i nā mana uila o nā kaʻa hoʻoheheʻe kinoea o ʻAmelika, akā ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau manaʻo e hōʻike i nā makemake kaʻa maoli o ʻAmelika.
Lanakila, poʻokela?Aneane aohe kaa uwila.No ka mea, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka charger wikiwiki, maʻamau ʻekolu a ʻehā mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma ka home, liʻiliʻi ke kālā.Ua hōʻea au i ka paka me ka Uila me $14 hou aʻe i loko o kaʻu ʻeke ma mua o kaʻu kaʻa kinoea.Inā ua hoʻoholo wau e noho lōʻihi ma ka hōkele a i ʻole ka hale ʻaina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kīʻaha Level 2, inā ua mālama au i $57.He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia ʻano no nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi pū kekahi: ua mālama ka Tesla Model Y crossover i $18 a me $44 ma kahi huakaʻi 408-mile me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kauā Level 3 a me Level 2, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ke kinoea.
I ka wā e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, aia nā kaʻa uila ma mua.ʻO nā kaʻa uila e hoʻokuʻu i lalo o ka hapakolu o nā hoʻokuʻu i kēlā me kēia mile o nā kaʻa ʻaila a ke lilo nei i mea maʻemaʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki.ʻO ka hui hana uila US e hoʻopuka ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi paona kalapona no kēlā me kēia kilowatt-hola o ka uila i hana ʻia, e like me ka US Energy Information Administration.Ma ka 2035, makemake ka Hale Paʻa e hoʻokokoke i kēia helu i ka ʻole.ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka F-150 maʻamau e hoʻokuʻu i ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o ka uila.Hoʻopuka ka Tesla Model Y i 63 paona o nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā e hoʻokele ana, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka 300 paona no nā kaʻa maʻamau āpau.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo maoli ka huakaʻi mai Detroit a Miami.ʻO ke kaʻa ʻana ma waena o ke komohana mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻaʻole ia he moe kaʻa uila.ʻO kēia māhele ka helu haʻahaʻa loa o ka ʻona kaʻa uila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.ʻAʻole nui nā loina.He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai ʻaila.ʻOi aku ka lepo o ka uila.No ka hana ʻana i nā mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole, ua hoʻoholo wau e hoʻohālikelike i ka Toyota Camry me ka uila Chevrolet Bolt, nā kaʻa maikaʻi ʻelua e pani i ke āpau o nā kumukūʻai wahie.No ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina, ua ana au i 1,401 mau mile o ka mamao ma nā mokuʻāina ʻeono, me ko lākou mau koina uila a me nā hoʻokuʻu.
Inā wau i hoʻopiha ma ka home a i ʻole ma kahi hale kūʻai kinoea Class 2 ma ke ala (ʻaʻole paha), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Bolt EV e hoʻopiha: $41 versus $142 no ka Camry.Akā ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki ʻana i nā unahi i ka makemake o Camry.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papa hana Papa 3, ʻo ka bila uila no kahi huakaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pākaukau he $169, ʻo ia hoʻi he $27 ʻoi aku ma mua o ka huakaʻi hoʻohana ʻia i ke kinoea.Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, aia ka Bolt ma mua, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia ʻana he 20 pakeneka wale nō o ka papa.
Manaʻo wau no ke aha e hiki mai ai ka poʻe e kūʻē i ka hoʻokele kaʻa uila i nā hopena like ʻole?No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻopili au iā Patrick Anderson, nona ka hui kūkākūkā e pili ana i Michigan e hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka ʻoihana kaʻa e koho i ke kumukūʻai o nā kaʻa uila.Ke ʻike mau ʻia nei ka nui o nā kaʻa uila i ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai no ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana.
Ua haʻi mai ʻo Anderson iaʻu he nui nā mea hoʻokele waiwai e nānā ʻole i nā kumukūʻai e pono e hoʻokomo ʻia i ka helu ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana: ʻo ka ʻauhau mokuʻāina ma nā kaʻa uila e pani ana i ka ʻauhau kinoea, ke kumukūʻai o ka loina home, nā poho o ka lawe ʻana i ke kau ʻana (ma kahi o 10 pakeneka), a i kekahi manawa hoʻonui ke kumukūʻai.mamao loa na hale hoolele kinoea lehulehu.Wahi a ia, liʻiliʻi nā kumukūʻai, akā maoli.Ua kōkua pū lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻa ʻaila.
Manaʻo ʻo ia he emi ke kumukūʻai no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kahi kaʻa ʻaila ma waena o ke kumu kūʻai—ma kahi o $11 no 100 mile, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me $13 a $16 no kahi kaʻa uila like.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nā kaʻa nani, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou a puhi i ka wahie premium."He nui ka manaʻo o nā kaʻa uila no nā mea kūʻai waena waena," wahi a Anderson."Ma kēia kahi mākou e ʻike ai i nā kūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha."
Akā, ʻōlelo ka poʻe hoʻohewa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manaʻo o Anderson a i ʻole ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loiloi o kāna ʻoihana i ka pono o ka pākaukau, me ka manaʻo e hoʻohana nā mea nona nā kaʻa uila i nā keʻena hoʻolimalima lehulehu e pili ana i 40% o ka manawa (manaʻo ke Keʻena ʻOihana e pili ana i ka 20%).nā keena hoʻolimalima lehulehu ma ke ʻano he "ʻauhau waiwai, haʻawina, kumu kūʻai o nā mea kūʻai aku, a i ʻole ke kaumaha o nā mea hoʻopukapuka" a me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā mea hoʻoikaika aupuni a me nā ʻoihana.
Ua pane ʻo Anderson ʻaʻole ʻo ia i lawe i ka uku aupuni he 40%, akā ua hoʻohālike ʻo ia i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona ʻauhau, me ka manaʻo he "home nui" a me kahi "ʻoihana kūʻai nui" (ʻo ia ka uku kālepa i 75% o nā hihia).Ua pale pū ʻo ia i nā kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻoili pāʻoihana "free" i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kaona, nā kulanui a me nā ʻoihana no ka mea "ʻaʻole manuahi kēia mau lawelawe, akā pono e uku ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana ma kekahi ʻano, me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā ʻauhau waiwai , nā haʻawina. uku a ʻaʻole paha.nā kumukūʻai kūʻai" a i ʻole ke kaumaha i nā mea hoʻopukapuka.“
ʻO ka hope, ʻaʻole paha mākou e ʻae i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i kahi kaʻa uila.ʻAʻole paha he mea nui.No nā mea hoʻokele i kēlā me kēia lā ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻa uila i ka hapa nui o nā hihia, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e lilo i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka wā e hoʻonui ai ka mana o ka ikehu hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻa.,I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā kumukūʻai papa inoa no kekahi mau kaʻa uila ma mua o nā kaʻa ʻaila like ʻole, a ʻo ka manaʻo ʻana o ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻona (mālama, wahie a me nā koina ʻē aʻe i ke ola o ke kaʻa) e hōʻike ana ua pau nā kaʻa uila. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua manaʻo wau aia kekahi helu ʻē aʻe i nalowale: ke kumu kūʻai o ke kalapona.He manaʻo koʻikoʻi kēia o ka pōʻino i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi tona kalapona i ka lewa, me ka make wela, nā waikahe, nā ahi ahi, nā hemahema o nā mea kanu a me nā poho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomehana honua.
Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻopuka ana kēlā me kēia galani o ke kinoea kūlohelohe ma kahi o 20 paona kalapona kalapona i loko o ka lewa, e like me 50 keneta o ka pōʻino o ke aniau no ke galani.Me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kumu o waho e like me ke kaʻa kaʻa, nā ulia a me ka haumia ea, Resources for the Future i manaʻo ʻia ma 2007 ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka pōʻino ma kahi o $3 no ke galani.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e uku i kēia uku.ʻAʻole hiki i nā kaʻa uila ke hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia.No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, pono mākou i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kaiāulu kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kipa i nā hoaaloha a kūʻai paha i nā meaʻai me ke kaʻa ʻole.Akā he mea koʻikoʻi nā kaʻa uila no ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana mai ka piʻi ʻana ma lalo o 2 degere Celsius.ʻO ke koho he kumu kūʻai hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke haʻalele.
Ua helu ʻia nā kumukūʻai no nā kaʻa uila a me ka ʻaila no ʻekolu mau kaʻa: nā kaʻa, nā SUV a me nā kaʻa.ʻO nā ʻokoʻa kaʻa āpau he kumu hoʻohālike 2023.Wahi a 2019 Federal Highway Administration data, ʻo ka awelika helu o nā mile i alakaʻi ʻia e nā mea hoʻokele i kēlā me kēia makahiki ua manaʻo ʻia he 14,263 mau mile.No nā kaʻa a pau, ka palena, ka mile, a me nā ʻikepili hoʻokuʻu ʻia e lawe ʻia mai ka pūnaewele Fueleconomy.gov o ka Environmental Protection Agency.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumukūʻai kinoea kūlohelohe i ka ʻikepili Iulai 2023 mai AAA.No nā kaʻa uila, helu ʻia ka helu awelika o nā kilowatt-hola i koi ʻia no ka uku piha ma muli o ka nui o ka pā.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi charger ma ka noiʻi ʻana o ka Department of Energy e hōʻike ana he 80% o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka home.E hoʻomaka ana ma 2022, hāʻawi ʻia nā kumukūʻai uila e ka US Energy Information Administration.ʻO ke koena o 20% o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e loaʻa ana ma nā keʻena hoʻopihapiha lehulehu, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka uila e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai uila i paʻi ʻia e Electrify America i kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina.
ʻAʻole hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau manaʻo manaʻo e pili ana i ka huina o ke kumu kūʻai, nā ʻauhau ʻauhau EV, nā uku hoʻopaʻa inoa, a i ʻole nā koina hana a mālama.ʻAʻole mākou e manaʻo i nā kumukūʻai pili i ka EV, nā uku hoʻolimalima EV a i ʻole ka uku manuahi, a i ʻole ke kumu kūʻai manawa no nā EV.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jul-04-2024